Cancer Pain Management with Acupuncture: A Comprehensive Guide for Patients
Cancer pain is a common and debilitating symptom experienced by many cancer patients, affecting their overall quality of life. Acupuncture, a complementary therapy involving the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body, has shown promise in managing cancer-related pain. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of cancer pain, its management, and the role of acupuncture in providing relief based on evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs).
Epidemiology
Cancer pain affects a significant number of patients, with estimates suggesting that 30-50% of those undergoing active treatment and 70-90% of those with advanced cancer experience some form of pain. The prevalence of cancer pain highlights the need for effective management strategies to improve patients’ well-being.
Physiopathology
Cancer pain can result from various factors, including direct tumor invasion or compression of surrounding tissues, nerves, or bones. Pain can also arise from cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, which can cause inflammation, nerve damage, or other tissue changes.
Symptoms
Cancer pain may manifest as sharp, shooting, burning, or aching sensations, depending on its cause and location. It can be constant or intermittent, mild or severe, and may worsen with certain activities or positions. In some cases, pain may persist even after the cancer has been treated, a condition known as chronic cancer pain. We will discuss the management of chronic cancer pain in the following blog posts.
Medical Diagnosis
To diagnose and assess cancer pain, healthcare providers typically rely on patient self-reporting, using pain scales to gauge the intensity and nature of the pain. Medical imaging techniques, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, can help identify the underlying cause of pain and inform appropriate treatment strategies.
Management
Cancer pain management may involve a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Medications, such as non-opioids, opioids, and adjuvant analgesics, are often prescribed to manage pain. Non-pharmacological approaches, including acupuncture, massage, relaxation techniques, and cognitive-behavioral therapy, can complement medical treatments and help alleviate pain.
Self-care for cancer pain
Patients can also take steps to manage cancer pain at home through self-care measures, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, engaging in gentle exercise, practicing relaxation techniques, and utilising hot or cold therapy as advised by their healthcare providers. We will discuss some self-care tips for chronic cancer pain in the upcoming blog posts.
Yellow and Red Flags
Cancer patients often face unique challenges and symptoms, making it essential to monitor warning signs that could indicate potential problems or complications. Yellow and red flags in the context of cancer pain management help patients and their healthcare providers identify and address issues that may arise throughout their cancer journey.
It’s crucial for cancer patients to maintain open communication with their healthcare providers to discuss any concerns or changes in their condition. By being aware of yellow and red flags, patients can advocate for themselves and receive the appropriate care when needed.
Yellow and red flags are warning signs that indicate a potential problem or complication related to cancer pain. Recognising these signs can help ensure that patients receive timely and appropriate care. Here is a brief explanation of yellow and red flags and what to do if you encounter them:
Yellow Flags: Yellow flags indicate potential issues that require monitoring or further investigation. These signs may not necessarily warrant immediate action, but they should be taken seriously and discussed with your healthcare provider. Examples of yellow flags include:
- Persistent or worsening pain that does not improve with self-care measures or prescribed medications.
- Changes in the type or location of pain, such as a new, sharp, or stabbing sensation.
- Pain that is not relieved or worsens after taking prescribed medications.
- Difficulty sleeping due to pain.
- Signs of depression or anxiety related to pain, such as feelings of hopelessness or excessive worry.
If you notice any yellow flags, it’s essential to inform your healthcare provider. They can evaluate the situation, adjust your pain management plan if necessary, or recommend additional interventions.
Red Flags: Red flags are more urgent warning signs that require immediate medical attention. These indicators may suggest a serious complication or an underlying issue that needs prompt assessment and treatment. Examples of red flags include:
- Severe, sudden, or unexplained pain that is not associated with a known cause.
- Pain accompanied by fever, chills, or signs of infection.
- Difficulty breathing, chest pain, or rapid heartbeat.
- Sudden onset of weakness or numbness in the limbs, loss of bladder or bowel control, or difficulty walking.
- Severe nausea, vomiting, or constipation, which may indicate a blockage in the digestive system.
If you experience any red flags, seek immediate medical attention. Contact your healthcare provider, go to the nearest emergency department, or call emergency services, depending on the urgency of the situation. Early intervention can help prevent complications and ensure that you receive appropriate care.
Where to find help?
Patients experiencing cancer pain should consult their healthcare team, including oncologists, pain management specialists, and primary care physicians, to discuss appropriate pain management strategies. Support groups and local organizations can also provide resources and emotional support for individuals coping with cancer pain.
- Cancer Council Australia is a national, non-profit organisation that provides support, information, and resources for people affected by cancer. They offer a range of services, including a telephone support service, support groups, and online resources. National hotline: 13 11 20; Website: https://www.cancer.org.au/
- Cancer Council Victoria is a state-based organisation focused on cancer research, patient support, cancer prevention, and advocacy. They offer a range of services, including a confidential telephone helpline, support groups, financial assistance, and online resources. Phone: 13 11 20; Website: https://www.cancervic.org.au/
- Breast Cancer Network Australia (BCNA) is a national organisation that supports Australians affected by breast cancer. They provide information, resources, and support services, including a helpline, online network, and peer support programs. Phone: 1800 500 258; Website: https://www.bcna.org.au/
- Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia (PCFA) is a national organisation dedicated to supporting men and their families affected by prostate cancer. They offer a range of support services, including a helpline, support groups, and online resources. Phone: 1800 22 00 99; Website: https://www.prostate.org.au/
- Leukaemia Foundation is a national organisation that supports Australians with blood cancer, including leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and related blood disorders. They provide support services, including a helpline, accommodation for patients receiving treatment, financial assistance, and education programs. Phone: 1800 620 420; Website: https://www.leukaemia.org.au/
- Ovarian Cancer Australia is a national organisation that supports women and their families affected by ovarian cancer. They offer a range of support services, including a helpline, support groups, and online resources. Phone: 1300 660 334; Website: https://www.ovariancancer.net.au/
Remember to reach out to these organisations if you or someone you know is affected by cancer and requires support, information, or assistance. They are available to help and provide valuable resources to cancer patients and their families.
Can acupuncture help with cancer pain?
Recent RCTs provide evidence for the potential benefits of acupuncture in cancer pain management:
- Alimi, D., Rubino, C., Pichard-Léandri, E., Fermand-Brulé, S., Dubreuil-Lemaire, M. L., & Hill, C. (2003). Analgesic effect of auricular acupuncture for cancer pain: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(22), 4120-4126.
- He, Y., Guo, X., May, B. H., Zhang, A. L., Liu, Y., Lu, C., … & Xue, C. C. (2015). Clinical evidence for association of acupuncture and acupressure with improved cancer pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncology, 1(9), 1319-1329.
- Paley, C. A., Johnson, M. I., Tashani, O. A., & Bagnall, A. M. (2015). Acupuncture for cancer pain in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (10), CD007753.
- Chiu, H. Y., Hsieh, Y. J., & Tsai, P. S. (2017). Systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture to reduce cancer-related pain. European Journal of Cancer Care, 26(2), e12457.
- Garcia, M. K., McQuade, J., Haddad, R., Patel, S., Lee, R., Yang, P., … & Cohen, L. (2013). Systematic review of acupuncture in cancer care: a synthesis of the evidence. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31(7), 952-960.
These studies support the use of acupuncture as an effective and safe complementary therapy for cancer pain management. However, it is essential to consult with healthcare providers to determine the best approach for each individual’s needs.
Conclusion
Cancer pain management is a critical aspect of cancer care, and acupuncture has shown promise in providing relief for patients. Evidence from RCTs suggests that acupuncture can be a valuable component of a comprehensive pain management plan. As a licensed acupuncturist, Acupuncture Medicine South Melbourne is committed to helping cancer patients manage their pain and improve their quality of life.
As a cancer patient or caregiver, it is essential to stay informed about available treatment options and complementary therapies. Acupuncture, supported by evidence from randomised controlled trials, has shown potential as an effective and safe complementary approach to cancer pain management. By incorporating acupuncture into a comprehensive pain management plan, patients can experience relief and improved well-being during their cancer journey.
At Acupuncture Medicine South Melbourne, our licensed acupuncturists have extensive training and experience in providing acupuncture treatments tailored to the unique needs of cancer patients. We are dedicated to offering evidence-based acupuncture services to support cancer pain management and enhance overall well-being.
*** Please Note: The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please read about the terms and conditions.
Reference Lists:
Alimi, D., Rubino, C., Pichard-Léandri, E., Fermand-Brulé, S., Dubreuil-Lemaire, M. L., & Hill, C. (2003). Analgesic effect of auricular acupuncture for cancer pain: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(22), 4120-4126.
Chiu, H. Y., Hsieh, Y. J., & Tsai, P. S. (2017). Systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture to reduce cancer-related pain. European Journal of Cancer Care, 26(2), e12457.
Garcia, M. K., McQuade, J., Haddad, R., Patel, S., Lee, R., Yang, P., … & Cohen, L. (2013). Systematic review of acupuncture in cancer care: a synthesis of the evidence. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31(7), 952-960.
He, Y., Guo, X., May, B. H., Zhang, A. L., Liu, Y., Lu, C., … & Xue, C. C. (2015). Clinical evidence for association of acupuncture and acupressure with improved cancer pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncology, 1(9), 1319-1329.
Paley, C. A., Johnson, M. I., Tashani, O. A., & Bagnall, A. M. (2015). Acupuncture for cancer pain in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (10), CD007753.