Iron deficiency is a common issue in people undergoing cancer treatment and can sometimes lead to anaemia. Recognising the signs early and discussing them with your healthcare team may help support your overall wellbeing during treatment.
This article provides general information to help you understand iron deficiency. It is not a substitute for medical advice.
What is iron deficiency?
Iron deficiency occurs when the body does not have enough iron to produce haemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body.
In people with cancer, iron deficiency may develop due to the condition itself or as a result of treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Common symptoms
Symptoms can vary, but may include:
Fatigue or low energy
General weakness
Pale skin, gums, or nail beds
Shortness of breath, especially with activity
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Faster heartbeat
Cold hands and feet
These symptoms can overlap with other effects of cancer or its treatment, so proper assessment is important.
Why cancer patients may be at higher risk
Several factors can contribute to iron deficiency during cancer care:
Bleeding
Some cancers, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, may lead to blood loss.
Reduced intake or absorption
Treatment may affect appetite, digestion, or the body’s ability to absorb nutrients.
Medication effects
Certain treatments may influence how iron is processed in the body.
Increased demand
The body may require more nutrients, including iron, during recovery and tissue repair.
Managing iron deficiency
Management should always be guided by your healthcare team. Options may include:
Dietary support
Including iron-containing foods may help support iron levels. Examples include:
Red meat such as beef and lamb
Poultry and fish
Leafy green vegetables such as spinach and kale
Legumes including lentils and chickpeas
Combining plant-based iron sources with vitamin C-rich foods may help absorption.
Medical treatment
Your doctor may recommend oral iron supplements or, in some cases, intravenous iron depending on your individual needs.
Monitoring
Regular blood tests are often used to assess iron levels and guide treatment decisions.
When to seek medical advice
If you notice symptoms such as persistent fatigue, dizziness, or shortness of breath, it is important to speak with your GP, oncologist, or healthcare team.
Do not start supplements without medical advice, as iron levels need to be properly assessed before treatment.
Reliable sources of information
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