Managing Menstrual Disorders with Acupuncture

Menstrual disorders are common among women of reproductive age, affecting up to 25% of women worldwide (1). These disorders can have a significant impact on a woman’s quality of life, causing symptoms such as irregular or heavy periods, painful cramps, and mood changes. While conventional treatments are available, such as hormonal therapy or pain relievers, some women may seek alternative therapies, including acupuncture. In this article, we will explore the latest research on acupuncture for menstrual disorders, including randomised controlled trials, to help you make an informed decision about your treatment options.

Menstrual disorders are common among women of reproductive age, affecting up to 14% of women worldwide (1). The most common menstrual disorders include dysmenorrhea (painful periods), irregular menstrual cycles, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and heavy menstrual bleeding (2). In addition, certain medical conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis, can also cause menstrual abnormalities (3, 4).

Physiopathology:

Menstrual disorders can have a variety of underlying causes, including hormonal imbalances, structural abnormalities in the reproductive organs, and medical conditions such as PCOS and endometriosis. Hormonal imbalances can occur when there is an excess or deficiency of estrogen or progesterone, which can affect the timing and duration of menstrual cycles, as well as the severity of menstrual symptoms.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of menstrual disorders can vary depending on the underlying cause and the specific condition. Some common symptoms of menstrual disorders include:

• Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)
• Irregular menstrual cycles
• Heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia)
• Light or infrequent periods (oligomenorrhea)
• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), including mood changes, bloating, and breast tenderness
• Acne or other skin changes
• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Headaches

Medical Diagnostics:

If you are experiencing menstrual disorders, your healthcare provider may perform a physical exam, pelvic exam, and/or blood tests to check hormone levels. Additional tests, such as ultrasound or MRI, may be ordered to evaluate the structure of the reproductive organs.

Management:

The management of menstrual disorders will depend on the underlying cause and the specific symptoms. Treatment options may include:

• Hormonal therapy, such as birth control pills or other hormone medications
• Pain medication, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Surgery to remove fibroids, cysts, or other structural abnormalities
• Lifestyle changes, such as exercise and stress management
• Alternative therapies, such as acupuncture

Physical self-care:

In addition to medical treatment, there are also self-care strategies that may help manage menstrual symptoms, including:

• Getting regular exercise
• Eating a healthy, balanced diet
• Managing stress through relaxation techniques or therapy
• Using heating pads or hot water bottles for menstrual cramps
• Getting plenty of rest
• Practicing good hygiene, such as changing tampons or pads regularly

Emotional self-care: 

1. Prioritising self-care: It is essential to prioritise self-care during menstruation. Taking time to rest, engage in relaxing activities, and do things that bring joy and pleasure can help to reduce stress and improve overall well-being.
2. Practicing self-compassion: Women may feel frustrated of their menstrual symptoms. It is crucial to practice self-compassion and treat oneself with kindness and understanding. Women should remind themselves that menstrual symptoms are a natural part of the menstrual cycle and that they are not alone in experiencing them.
3. Seeking social support: Talking to friends, family, or a support group can be a powerful tool for managing menstrual disorders. Sharing experiences, emotions, and concerns with others who understand can help women feel less alone and more supported.
4. Engaging in stress-reducing activities: Engaging in stress-reducing activities such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing can help to calm the mind and reduce stress. Practicing mindfulness can also help women to focus on the present moment and cultivate a sense of inner peace.
5. Seeking professional support: Women who are struggling to manage their menstrual symptoms or experiencing emotional distress should seek professional support from a licensed therapist or counselor. A mental health professional can provide support, guidance, and tools for managing stress and anxiety associated with menstrual disorders.

Yellow and Red Flags:

While most menstrual disorders are not serious, there are certain symptoms that may indicate a more serious underlying condition. These include:

Yellow Flags:

• Menstrual cycles that are shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days
• Menstrual bleeding that lasts longer than seven days
• Heavy menstrual bleeding (soaking through a pad or tampon every hour for several hours)
• Menstrual bleeding that occurs between periods
• Severe menstrual pain that is not relieved by over-the-counter medication
• Stress and anxiety
• Body image concerns
• Relationship challenges

Red Flags:

• Menstrual bleeding after menopause
• Severe abdominal pain
• Fever or chills
• Fainting or dizziness
• Vaginal discharge with an unusual odor

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider as soon as possible.